The Health Belief Model Is Used For Health Promotion And...

The Health Belief Model is commonly used for health promotion and health education. Its’ underlying concept is that health behavior is explained by perception of the disease and the strategies available to lower its occurrence. There are four perceptions of the HBM, which are perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers. In addition to that, more constructs are added to health belief model that includes motivating factor, cues to action and self-efficacy. Each of these constructs in combination or individually, could be used to determine health behavior. The HBM also provides guidelines for the program development allowing planners to address reasons for non-compliance with recommended health action. The health belief model is a process used to promote healthy behavior among individuals who may be at risk of developing adverse health outcomes. A person must gauge their perceptions of severity and susceptibility of developing a disea se. Then it is essential to feel vulnerable by these perceptions. Environmental factors can play a role as well as cues to action such as media, and close friends. In order to determine that taking action will be meaningful, the benefits to change must be weighed, against the barriers to change behavior (Green Murphy, 2014). Reisi, M., Javadzade, S., Shahnazi, H., Sharifirad, G., Charkazi, A., Moodi, M. (2014). Factors affecting cigarette smoking based on health-belief modelShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion : Theories And Models1660 Words   |  7 PagesHealth promotion utilises theories and models to guide practice. A theory is the general principles of a framework of ideas in regards to a particular topic. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016) A model is a set plan of action based on theoretical ideas to achieve a set goal. (Merriam-webster.com, 2016) The difference between a theory and a model is that a theory is related to evidence based knowledge and a model is built on this knowledge although it is presented as a process to reach certain targets. TheRead MoreDrug Abuse And Dependence Policy1680 Words   |  7 Pageslife (Department of Health, 2015). With this policy in place drug treatments are becoming more successful with 18% of people staying in treatment and leaving drug free (Department of Health, 2015) this shows the policy is successful and works with people to reduce drug dependency (HM Government, 2012). 193,198 people aged 18 and over were in treatment for drug use during 2013 to 2014, 29,150 of these patients completed treatment and have overcome their drug dependency (Public Health England, 2014). FromRead MoreHealth Belief Model Of The American Diabetes Association, The Complications And Cost Acquired From Diabetes767 Words   |  4 Pagesdramatically reduce if patients are more aware of the potential risk and receive proper health prevention education. Diabetes self-management is essential in reducing the complications of disease. Researchers use several theories to help come up with the best way to provide ca re to patients with chronic illness such as diabetes. The major theory for this EBP is the Chronic Care Model, the author chose this model because of its versatility, it can be apply in any setting and allow for the improvementRead MoreObesity As A Risk Factor For Cardiac Health844 Words   |  4 Pagestheir surveys and data collections and the same conclusion; obesity is a major problem in American society and it leads to multiple health issues. Data shows that obesity is the cause of chronic disease risk, morbidity, high health care costs and social costs (Nestle Jacobson 2000). After the American society has identify obesity as a risk factor for cardiac health, many federal agencies has come up with guidelines, educating American people how to reduce their calorie intake, how to stay activeRead MoreThe Theories of Health Promotion1775 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Promotion Introduction The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services recently announced $1.01 billion in grant-funding opportunities for Health promotion. These grant programs emerged directly from the Affordable Care Act (PPACA). Enacted in 2010, this legislation significantly affects both Medicare and Medicaid. It is designed to gradually shrink Medicares drug-coverage doughnut hole until it is completely eliminated, a goal set for 2020. (The doughnut hole in Medicare Part D beginsRead MoreA Health Promotion Proposal Is Based On The Health Belief Model ( Hbm )813 Words   |  4 PagesThe theoretical framework of this health promotion proposal is based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). HBM is one of the most commonly used theories to analyze the feasibility, barriers and perceptions of a person in adopting interventions aimed at health promotion and disease prevention (Kim, Ahn, No, 2012). The four main constructs of the HBM are perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and perceived severity (Yazdanpanah, Forouzani, Hojjati, 2015). MotivationalRead MoreHealth Promotion With Childhood Immunization Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesSouth University Online Health Promotion with Childhood Immunization Adherence One of the many health goals for society is to reduce both the prevalence of communicable disease and to decrease the risk of infant and childhood morbidity and mortality. 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Nurses can be of great help in promoting health literacyRead MoreHealth Promotion Model And Mid Range Theory Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesnursing field comprises different theories that are used to govern nursing practice through offering different perspectives and views of phenomena. A theory can be defined as the development of a link between concepts that create a certain view of a phenomenon (Jackson, n.d.). The theories in the nursing field focus on issues that are relevant to enhancing patient care, overall nursing practice, and nursing education. Moreover, these theories are used to de fine, create, and distribute existing knowledgeRead MoreThe American Nurses Association ( Ana ) And The Health Ministries Association Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Nurses Association (ANA) and the Health Ministries Association (HMA) have described Faith Community Nursing (FCN) as a form of a specialized nursing practice carried out by a nurse within a faith community (American Nurses Association Health Ministries Association, 2012). The role played by the FCN is to protect, promote, and optimize health and abilities, prevent illness and injury, and respond to distress regarding the practice beliefs and the values of a faith community (Dyess, Chase

The Islamic State During Iraq And Al Sham ( Isis )

If individuals or a society are to improve, they should seek power through their responses to hardship and struggles according to Nietzsche. If an individual or society responds well to the hardships and suffering it encounters, that individual or society will continue to improve and evolve. Today, the media reports that the Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) is struggling to gain power for their people through the reacquisition of land and reunification of Islamic people. ISIS has threatened attacks on the western world, should they attempt to intervene in this struggle (Ivison, 2014). The western world views this as a threat to its power and is poised to address this threat through military intervention. How each society responds†¦show more content†¦They do all of this in the name of Allah - their god- and to gain power, however their objectives and ultimate goal is unclear to the western world. In a recent SKYPE interview conducted by Vice.com, Canadian ISIS membe r Farah Mohamed Shirdon gave mixed messages about the intent of ISIS. At one point, Shirdon claimed that the group wished to be left alone, stating that he didn’t want to fight, nor did his group. He further stated that the group wishes to enable Muslims to live under their own laws and authority and that they view western interference as a threat (Shirdon, 2014). However, Shirdon went on to state that he hoped to be made a martyr by dying in conflict for Allah and that ISIS would not stop until their flag was flying over the White House (Shirdon, 2014). Shirdon also made direct threats against western civilization, stating they were coming for â€Å"us† and that â€Å"a lot of brothers are mobilizing there right now in the West†¦mobilizing for a brilliant attack†¦Ã¢â‚¬  on the West (Shirdon, 2014). This could lead one to believe that the group is actually looking at expanding its power beyond its stated limitations. What is unclear from media reports is w hether ISIS is seeking to gain more power to allow its individual’s greater opportunities to improve their individual circumstances, or whether the group is seeking world domination for their group and Allah. Nietzsche’s Theory Nietzsche asserts that human actions should be driven by an aspiration to

Opportunities for Women-Owned Businesses Free Essays

Introduction Women business owners are crucially vital to the American economy.   Women are establishing businesses at twice the pace of all businesses and remaining in business longer. In fact, America’s approximately 9. We will write a custom essay sample on Opportunities for Women-Owned Businesses or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 million women-owned businesses provide work for about 27.5 million individuals and put in around $3.6 trillion to the economy (Page, 2006).   Nevertheless, women persist to confront rare and distinctive barriers and challenges in the world of business.   This paper will establish that in spite of present global turndown, there are now tremendous opportunities for women owned businesses both domestically and in the international market place. The total number of women owned companies throughout the world provides considerable business-to-business (B2B) opportunities. Actually, US women owned companies spent around $48 billion on technology equipment alone (Page, 2006). This just proves that women can definitely respond in this 21st century by their numbers to the â€Å"ole boy’s network† of old. These women business owners are a primary force in the global economy with considerable spending powers. The major  obstacles to trading internationally  are frequently the time and costs concerned with getting it done.   The costs of marketing to a number of different countries at the same time can be unusual. It takes  some time  to go into new markets,  it takes considerable time to build new business relationships and it takes a lot of  time to create the right contracts.   A number of the conventional methods of entering new markets  have been participation at international conferences or trade fairs.   These  can  be time consuming, expensive, and,  unluckily,  not at all times productive. Some time ago,   globalization has been set aside for the elite corporate, with their  Ã‚   huge budgets and  Ã‚  Ã‚  massive  resources. For a lot of small businesses turning out to be a player on the world market was  Ã‚  Ã‚  just  basically further than their expectations. For women business owners, there’s often double whammies,  since  women are  frequently declined the essential capital for starting up in business and then often declined capital for growth and expansion.  Ã‚  Women business owners frequently lack access to information and easy access to a recognized trade network. In the year 2000, President Bill Clinton initiated Executive Order 13157 reiterating his administration’s pledge to boosting opportunities for women-owned businesses (Office of the Press Secretary, May 29, 2000).   The E.O. required agencies and departments to formulate long-term comprehensive strategies to develop and increase opportunities for women-owned businesses. The Executive Order also obliged federal agencies to â€Å"meet or exceed† the five percent government-contracting objective that now subsist for women-owned businesses. At present, there are various supports being offered to create opportunities for women-owned businesses and help these women entrepreneurs succeed in their businesses.   First, there is the growing popularity of certification among women-owned businesses; next, there is increasing federal procurement opportunities for women-owned businesses; and third, a web site was created to assist women business owners obtain federal contracts. Certification Growing in Popularity Among Women-Owned Businesses Nowadays, certification to qualify for government contracts is becoming more popular among women-owned businesses (Page, 2006). Specifically, a lot of women-owned businesses in Oklahoma are obtaining or securing certification to meet the criteria or qualify for government contracts. Moreover, certification likewise offers firms owned by women an advantage in securing contracts from big corporations, as mentioned by Debbie Hurst, president of the Women’s Business Council-Southwest. According to Hurst, she informs women that certification can be a significant part of their marketing tool case. Hurst added that with merely 5 percent of women business enterprises obtaining government and corporate contracts yearly, there is still a need to bridge the gap between the opportunities for business and the capability of women-owned businesses (Page, 2006). The group Women’s Business Council-Southwest (WBCS), with headquarters in Arlington, Texas, stands for women-owned businesses located in Oklahoma, north Texas, New Mexico, and Arkansas. The association operates in coordination with the Women’s Business Enterprise National Council to endorse and certify members. As asserted by Hurst, the number of Oklahoma companies securing certification has increased 60 percent ever since the year 2004, the year the Oklahoma Leadership Forum was created by the regional group (Page, 2006). As maintained by Tamara Walden, president of Walden Energy (a certified women-owned business) based in Tulsa and a council member The Oklahoma Leadership Forum was conceived to assist women capitalists boost business and gain access to more contracts (Page, 2006). Walden added that certification is a vital marketing tool for increasing a women-owned business’ visibility between procurement decision makers and corporate supplier. Several companies necessitate that a firm be licensed or certified before they will offer a contract as a women’s business enterprise. The WBCS is striving to create consciousness of that fact to local businesses, as well as offering educational opportunities and fun networking that help support that. There is promise and potential for growing certifications in Oklahoma for the reason that the state has a projected 77,000 women-owned companies (Page, 2006). Moreover, there is an enormous market of women-owned businesses that are not availing of certification programs like that being offered by WBCS that can help them access diversity and government programs. Growing Federal Procurement Opportunities for Women-Owned Businesses Although Federal procurement might not sound like a significant issue to the general public, or even a term that a lot of people is aware of, it is considered one of the most profitable, yet complicated and difficult, markets for small businesses to access, specifically those owned by under-represented minorities and women. According to the Office of the Press Secretary (May 29, 20000), in the year 1999, women-owned businesses composed 38 percent of all businesses but obtained merely 2.4 percent of the $189 billion in Federal prime contracts. Certain Federal agencies have taken the lead in operating with women owned businesses, and must be applauded. As indicated by the Federal Procurement Data System, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Federal Mine Safety Health Review Commission, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the Small Business Administration have all not just met the five percent objective, but have come in at approximately fifteen percent or better (Office of the Press Secretary, May 29, 2000). These Federal agencies recognize that coordinating and operating with women-owned businesses is not merely a philanthropic exercise. These businesses owned by women are dependable, strong, and do good work. Furthermore, these companies offer a solid service to their clients, and the Federal contracting officers are aware of it. Altogether, about 20 Federal agencies either fulfilled or exceeded the five percent objective. Thus, this just proves that it is certainly possible for government agencies to accomplish the five percent goal. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that agencies will work harder, adhering to the examples of the agencies mentioned above, to contract with women-owned businesses.  Ã‚   Over the years, government officials are supportive of numerous initiatives to boost resources and opportunities for women-owned businesses. For instance, several senators have passed legislation to re-authorize the National Women’s Business Council for a period of three (3) years, and to raise the annual appropriation from $600,000 to a total of $1 million. Part of that amount will be utilized to help Federal agencies satisfy the five-percent procurement objective for businesses owned by women (Seck, May 23, 2000). The National Women’s Business Council has offered magnificent leadership in this field, making bigger contracting opportunities a main concern since it was established in the ye ar 1988, and merited praise from Republicans and Democrats for two general and extensive procurement studies it published in the years 1998 and 1999. Besides sustaining reauthorization of the National Women’s Business Council, Senator Kerry initiated the Women’s Business Centers Sustainability Act of 1999 (Seck, May 23, 2000). Proclaimed a public law, that Act is assisting Centers deal with the funding limitations that have been making it more and more hard for them to maintain the level of services they offer after they graduate from the Women’s Business Centers program and no longer be given federal matching finances. Hence, it is certain that President Clinton’s Executive Order creates a strong system within the Federal Government for raising the number of contracts that can be obtained by women-owned businesses. SBA Creates Web Site to Help Women Business Owners Obtain Federal Contracts In the year 2000, the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) launched a new web site, which aimed to boost procurement and networking opportunities to women-owned businesses by means of putting all contracting assistance information at a single on-line site. The web site called WomenBiz.gov is a joint venture of SBA’s Office of Federal Contract Assistance for Women Business Owners, National Women’s Business Council, the Interagency Committee for Women’s Business Enterprise, and the SBA’s Office of Women’s Business Ownership (Comtex News Network, 2000). WomenBiz.gov offers women-owned businesses direct access to the government networks and the federal acquisition tools to draw on the $200 billion federal marketplace. Furthermore, the web site functions as the official gateway to over 100 procurement and acquisition sites hosted by a variety of federal agencies. Furthermore, the web site likewise incorporates connections to Electronic Posting System, PRO-Net, the GSA Federal Supply Schedule Program, DefenseLINK, CBDNet, and SBA’s Government Contracting page (Comtex News Network, 2000). When President Clinton asked the SBA to lead the efforts to make sure that women-owned businesses be given their fair share of federal contracts, SBA answered that call and reiterated its promise to the President Clinton’s initiative though endorsing the launch of its web site and establishing the office. These are two vital instruments for offering procurement opportunities to women-owned businesses. Generally, the web site contains information pages specially developed to help women entrepreneurs who want to take part in government procurement. Meanwhile, the women’s contracting office is one of numerous initiatives the White House has instigated to encourage procurement opportunities for women-owned businesses. Conclusion All of the initiatives discussed in this paper show that there are several complementary national policies to increase procurement opportunities for businesses owned by women. The phenomenal growth and success of women-owned businesses was primarily due to the development of a national network of women’s business centers and organizations. As an outcome of lobbying by women business owners and the establishment of the SBA’s Office of Women’s Business Ownership, various women’s business centers have offered would-be entrepreneurs with adequate and necessary knowledge, information, training, skills, loans, and technical assistance. Nowadays, the Federal agencies have started to make progress from the time when Congress implemented the five-percent procurement goal, but the contracting managers should keep in mind that this goal is just a minimum, not a maximum. Out of the over 9 million women-owned businesses in the United States, the Federal Government can find ones that are reliable and qualified, with good products and services to boost, to fulfil their contracts if they make it a main concern or top priority. References Comtex News Network.   SBA Unveils New Web Site to Help Women Business Owners Get Federal Contracts.   U.S. Newswire, September 12, 2000. Office of the Press Secretary.   Executive Order 13157-Increasing Opportunities for Women-Owned Small Businesses.   Compilation of Presidential Documents, May 29, 2000. Page, David.   Certification growing in popularity among women-owned businesses.   Dolan Media Newswires.   March 18, 2006. Seck, Kathyrn. Kerry Floor Statement on Increasing Federal Procurement Opportunities for Women-Owned Businesses.   U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.   May 23, 2000. How to cite Opportunities for Women-Owned Businesses, Essay examples